Through women's eyes starkly

Richard Stern compares the talents of three female novelists with differing visions of a changing world

Bridget Jones: The Edge of Reason by Helen Fielding. Published 1999 by Picador, London, 422 pages, �6.99, ISBN: 0 330 36735 8.

The Bean Trees by Barbara Kingsolver. Published 1988 by Harper & Row, New York, 232 pages, US$12, ISBN: 0 060 91554 4. 

East into Upper East: Plain Tales from New York and New Delhi by Ruth Prawer Jhabvala. Published 2000 by Abacus, London, 345 pages, �6.99, ISBN: 0 349 11249 5.

FORGET BRIDGET JONES, the motion picture, if you can, and consider Fielding�s sequential Bridget novel subtitled The Edge of Reason. Still exploiting her hip �chicklit,� Fielding has carried on with the successful formula. She seems to have all her support groups in place, but whether she can develop or transform her style remains to be seen.

With a more mature imagination than, say, Rowlings (although Harry Potter is presumably relating to less mature readers), Fielding�s global readership has its microcosm in London as the center of the (post-) millennial urban culture of the single householder, generally alien to, ignorant of, or merely experimenting with, any tradition more ancient than that of women gaining power over their own bodies, now so long ago in the distant 1960s. The decade of the 80s was the parent generation of Bridget�s London of today, the members of whom are the (cultural) grandchildren of those who experienced the revolutionary changes of the 60s. London today is already one generation on from the 50 percent divorce rates, single parent families, zero population growth and homeless refugees of the 80s.

So what has changed since the 80s besides the obvious increase in the insecurity inherent in a rootless individualistic society with no historical memory, product of upwardly mobile consumerism wound to the breaking point as a result of instantaneous virtual communications combined with failed human relationships? Bridget is bright enough to see the precariousness of the planet, but the individual struggle for survival, security and emotional equilibrium is so difficult that the only energy she has left over for something greater than herself is to find and give a little love, to build some compensating karma, to keep from losing all hope in a hopeless world.

No vision of utopia here, but definitive realism. Fielding strives for the minimalist style of Raymond Carver (Where I�m Calling From), whose few and simple words go deep, but her sense of humour and of the absurd, in the (present) tragic human condition, are lighter, and as feminine as Carver�s are (non-sexist) male.

The Edge of Reason focuses on the (female) psyche in the cultural and economic reality of London after Diana�s death, Blair�s victory and perhaps the final extinction of hope for progress towards a publicly-owned planet capable of checking the excesses of exploiting every possible resource and human activity for its profit potential. Bridget�s London is for New Labour, but basically because that brand has been more successfully marketed in an apolitical culture.

Fielding�s narrator continues to jot down her abbreviated stream of conscious (and semi-conscious) thoughts and events in the diary-of-a-young-girl form, candidly revealing her obsessions with herself, her image, fears and weaknesses and the search for love, happiness and success. The Edge of Reason tries to offer reassuringly gentle irony to those who grew up in the final decade of the millennium, whose only recourse beyond fragile relationships is to turn to what the �self-help� media market has to offer, their own inner resources, and a little unreliable help from their friends.

Bridget is an often vulnerable observer and victim of circumstances. Her understanding of a broader reality is peripheral and not articulated. Like so many of us, she needs to deny or simplify life�s problems which are too big for us as individuals to know how to act upon beyond the one-on-one, step-by-step, piecemeal solutions.

Barbara Kingsolver had already demonstrated by the end of the 80s (The Bean Trees) that a multitude of common folks already understood clearly that there are too many corrupt and/or misguided people with too much power.

Compare Bridget to Taylor Greer, narrator of Kingsolver�s early novel. Taylor has grown up with an independent mother in a provincial rural backwater in the south of the United States. She starts off on an extraordinary life journey that takes her west to Tucson, Arizona, and provides the basis for discovering the strengths and conflicts of some very different cultures right in the heart of America. Taylor gets an abused Indian baby, absorbs multi-cultural Tucson, connects with the underground sanctuary movement for clandestine immigrants fleeing from US-backed murder in Guatemala, Nicaragua and El Salvador.

Taylor is searching for her collective soul rather than examining her own psyche. She learns more about herself through learning about others than by working on her personal, cosmetic preoccupations. Both Bridget and Taylor want self-realisation and relationship, both face more or less tragic obstacles, and both are characteristically strong (female) survivors with good senses of humour, if of somewhat different eras and situations. But their parameters are very different. Bridget struggles to be both hip and humane in a hip but often inhumane megalopolis. Taylor is exploring the immigrant option that is so much a part of her past. Where is there to emigrate to from the center of civilisation?

Taylor is of the pre-internet generation, near the end of the New Age utopia. She has lived through the women�s revolution which Bridget has inherited. By the time Bridget comes on the scene, family and human reproductive patterns have already undergone the radical changes that Taylor has experienced.  Safe sex is more important than the pill, God has been dead for a long time, the last Communist has been privatised, global warming has taken place. Taylor is already a single mother for whom a family is not based upon blood or traditional sexual relationships, but has to be created as a viable and superior alternative to the dysfunctional nuclear family. Bridget�s sense of social responsibility stops with faithfulness to her friends and as much kindness and generosity to those around her as she can muster. Taylor develops a social conscience.

Taylor Greer knows she needs a nexus with nature. Kingsolver goes back and down into the origins of (the) character, through tradition and into the Earth. Can individual life today touch the planet deeply enough to keep our soul from dying and our psyches from disintegrating? Fielding asks afresh this question at a more self-destructive moment than when Kingsolver first expressed some modestly hopeful answers. And Kingsolver is a storyteller, since undeniably verified in Animal Dreams, Pigs With Wings, and The Poisonwood Bible, each of which take us deep into the American reality which has shaped the world we are living in today.

Tucson in the 80s was already a global urban scene, but Fielding�s London loses all contact with the pre-global past. Bridget represents a layer of life in the present moment. Kingsolver�s American southwest shows layer upon layer of richly diverse character and culture. Bridget is a snapshot of Fielding�s London now. The historical past and future vision run deep and rich alongside the story of Taylor Greer. Tucson still isn�t a mere suburb of London (or Wall Street or Silicon Valley), and even less similar are the stories across land and cultures leading in that direction.

Neither is New Delhi yet a mere information-age off-shoot of the center of the sole planetary super-power. Kingsolver -- like such other contemporary N. American (women) writers as Carol Shields, E. Annie Proulx, Margaret Atwood, and Alice Munro � is still writing about a rural tradition under metamorphosis. Thus, comparing Fielding�s London to another urban writer�s New York and New Delhi perhaps provides more perspective.

East Into Upper East takes New York as the metropolitan center. Ruth Prawer Jhabvala demonstrates in these stories a different connection to the land and tradition than Kingsolver. And London is the bridge spanning the colonial era between India and America. The characters in these stories are better developed than Fielding�s or Kingsolver�s � and they often use fewer and more powerful words, shaped more by both their current circumstances and by their deeper, richer traditions and history. We are presented with a reality that goes beyond the stereotyped and statistical �singletons� and their surrounding, relatively tolerant, open society. And, more like Fielding, Prawer Jhabvala refrains from having her characters spell out any political and ethical conclusions.

In East Into Upper East we see the movement of culture from British colony to uptown Manhattan today. Two New York women organize the transfer of an Indian woman healer to New York, only to discover that cultural integration can take many different forms. In a subsequent story we hear of two women who have come to desire each other less and equally, and their relationship with the beautiful, idolized � but selfish and narcissistic � son of the more attractive and sensual of the two lovers. These stories ask us to dig deeper in order to discover ethical and political meaning through the beauty of the language, through the revelations of the personalities.

Reading great fiction is second only to travel, or doing research into the human animal and her environment, as a means towards understanding the world. Even better than travel or research is the help fiction gives us in going beyond understanding, to a sensing of the good and beautiful. Give me Carter over Fielding for post-minimalist searching for the soul of modern man (sic).

Give me Prawer Jhabvala � or any number of powerful N. American (women) writers like Kingsolver and Alice Munro (Open Secrets, 1994) � over Fielding for the lives, the psychoanthropological stories of the present and past, with realistic glances at what the future holds for tomorrow�s global urban population of �singletons� � whether in London, New Delhi, or Tucson.

Richard Stern, originally from Seattle, holds degrees in Political Science and Education from Howard University and Western Washington State University and has been a language lecturer at the University of Bergamo in Italy since 1991. He finds that major contemporary women artists have a lot to teach.

Note: This review was first published on July 16 2002 by JUST Book Reviews.

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